linux中如何找出系统所支持的最大内存-mile米乐体育

大多数情况下你可以从bios、产品目录或者干脆手动找出你的系统所持的最大内存。这里，我们介绍一种简单有用的技巧——使用dmidecode来找出系统支持的最大内存，这样你就无需打开机箱或者参照bios和产品目录了。

什么是 dmidecode?

就像你可能知道的一样， dmidecode是一个将计算机dmi（又名smbios）表的内容转换为可读格式的工具。这个表包含了系统硬件组件的介绍以及其他一些如序列号和ios版本等有用的信息。使用dmidecode你能够获取此项信息，而无需去探测真实的硬件。

找出你的系统所支持的最大内存

请确定你已经在系统中安装了dmidecode，我觉得你的操作系统应该已经自动安装过了，不过并不非常确定。

在基于deb的系统中安装

sudo apt-get install dmidecode

在基于rpm的系统中安装

sudo yum install dmidecode

在suse/opensuse中安装

sudo zypper in dmidecode

好了，我们已经安装了dmidecode，接下来让我们找出支持的最大内存。输入以下命令：

sudo dmidecode -t 16

输出样本

# dmidecode 2.12 smbios 2.6 present.  handle 0x0014, dmi type 16, 15 bytes physical memory array     location: system board or motherboard     use: system memory     error correction type: none     maximum capacity: 16 gb     error information handle: not provided     number of devices: 2

就像你看到的，我的系统支持最大内存到16g，并且有两个内存插槽，简单吧？

接下来，让我们找出现在已经安装的内存的详细信息。

sudo dmidecode -t 17

输出样本

# dmidecode 2.12 smbios 2.6 present.  handle 0x0017, dmi type 17, 28 bytes memory device     array handle: 0x0014     error information handle: 0x0000     total width: unknown     data width: unknown     size: no module installed     form factor: dimm     set: none     locator: dimm_b     bank locator: bank 2     type: unknown     type detail: none     speed: unknown     manufacturer: not specified     serial number: not specified     asset tag: not specified     part number: not specified     rank: unknown  handle 0x0015, dmi type 17, 28 bytes memory device     array handle: 0x0014     error information handle: 0x0000     total width: 64 bits     data width: 64 bits     size: 4096 mb     form factor: sodimm     set: none     locator: dimm_a     bank locator: bank 0     type: ddr3     type detail: synchronous     speed: 1067 mhz     manufacturer: 014f     serial number: 00092af2     asset tag: 54114000          part number: jm1066ksn-4g           rank: unknown

就像上边输出的一样，我在插槽1里边安装了一个内存条。内存大小为4g，类型为ddr3，速度为1067 mhz。

同样的，我们可以通过下边命令得到完整的内存信息。

sudo dmidecode -t memory sudo dmidecode -t memory | less sudo dmidecode -t memory | more

输出样本

# dmidecode 2.12 smbios 2.6 present.  handle 0x0014, dmi type 16, 15 bytes physical memory array     location: system board or motherboard     use: system memory     error correction type: none     maximum capacity: 16 gb     error information handle: not provided     number of devices: 2  handle 0x0017, dmi type 17, 28 bytes memory device     array handle: 0x0014     error information handle: 0x0000     total width: unknown     data width: unknown     size: no module installed     form factor: dimm     set: none     locator: dimm_b     bank locator: bank 2     type: unknown     type detail: none     speed: unknown     manufacturer: not specified     serial number: not specified     asset tag: not specified     part number: not specified     rank: unknown  handle 0x0015, dmi type 17, 28 bytes memory device     array handle: 0x0014     error information handle: 0x0000     total width: 64 bits     data width: 64 bits     size: 4096 mb     form factor: sodimm     set: none     locator: dimm_a     bank locator: bank 0     type: ddr3     type detail: synchronous     speed: 1067 mhz     manufacturer: 014f     serial number: 00092af2     asset tag: 54114000          part number: jm1066ksn-4g           rank: unknown

如果你好奇想要知道整个系统的详细信息，例如主板、内存、bios等，那么可以输入以下命令来获取。

sudo dmidecode

输出样本

# dmidecode 2.12 smbios 2.6 present. 48 structures occupying 2173 bytes. table at 0x000eb840.

handle 0xda00, dmi type 218, 251 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  da fb 00 da b2 00 0d 5f 0f 37 40 7d 00 00 00 00  00 7e 00 01 00 00 00 dc 01 00 80 02 00 dd 01 00  80 03 00 75 01 01 80 01 00 76 01 02 80 01 00 2d  01 03 80 01 00 2e 01 03 80 00 00 81 01 07 80 00  00 82 01 07 80 01 00 83 01 08 80 00 00 84 01 08  80 01 00 85 01 06 80 00 00 86 01 06 80 01 00 58  02 05 80 00 00 57 02 05 80 01 00 9c 00 02 00 01  00 9b 00 02 00 00 00 8a 01 03 00 01 00 89 01 03  00 00 00 7f 01 04 00 00 00 80 01 04 00 01 00 53  01 05 00 00 00 52 01 05 00 01 00 7b 01 06 00 00  00 7c 01 06 00 01 00 94 01 07 00 00 00 93 01 07  00 01 00 7d 00 08 00 00 00 2d 00 09 00 01 00 2e  00 09 00 00 00 6e 00 0a 00 00 00 95 00 0b 00 01  00 96 00 0b 00 00 00 2f 02 0c 00 01 00 30 02 0c  00 00 00 50 02 0d 00 00 00 51 02 0d 00 01 00 52  02 0d 00 02 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00 handle 0xda01, dmi type 218, 59 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  da 3b 01 da b2 00 0d 5f 0f 37 40 53 02 0d 00 03  00 54 02 0d 00 04 00 56 02 0d 00 05 00 4b 01 0e  00 01 00 4a 01 0e 00 00 00 ea 00 0f 00 01 00 eb  00 0f 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00 handle 0x0004, dmi type 4, 42 bytes  processor information  socket designation: cpu 1  type: central processor  family: core i3  manufacturer: intel  id: a7 06 03 01 ff fb ab be  signature: type 0, family 6, model 42, stepping 7  flags:  fpu (floating-point unit on-chip)  vme (virtual mode extension)  de (debugging extension)  pse (page size extension)  tsc (time stamp counter)  msr (model specific registers)  pae (physical address extension)  mce (machine check exception)  cx8 (cmpxchg8 instruction supported)  apic (on-chip apic hardware supported)  sep (fast system call)  mtrr (memory type range registers)  pge (page global enable)  mca (machine check architecture)  cmov (conditional move instruction supported)  pat (page attribute table)  pse-36 (36-bit page size extension)  clfsh (clflush instruction supported)  ds (debug store)  acpi (acpi supported)  mmx (mmx technology supported)  fxsr (fxsave and fxstor instructions supported)  sse (streaming simd extensions)  sse2 (streaming simd extensions 2)  ss (self-snoop)  htt (multi-threading)  tm (thermal monitor supported)  pbe (pending break enabled)  version: intel(r) core(tm) i3-2350m cpu @ 2.30ghz  voltage: 1.1 v  external clock: 100 mhz  max speed: 2300 mhz  current speed: 2300 mhz  status: populated, enabled  upgrade: other  l1 cache handle: 0x0005  l2 cache handle: 0x0006  l3 cache handle: 0x0007  serial number: to be filled by o.e.m.  asset tag: to be filled by o.e.m.  part number: to be filled by o.e.m.  core count: 2  core enabled: 1  thread count: 2  characteristics:  64-bit capable handle 0x0005, dmi type 7, 19 bytes  cache information  socket designation: l1-cache  configuration: enabled, not socketed, level 1  operational mode: write back  location: internal  installed size: 64 kb  maximum size: 64 kb  supported sram types:  other  installed sram type: other  speed: unknown  error correction type: none  system type: unified  associativity: 8-way set-associative handle 0x0006, dmi type 7, 19 bytes  cache information  socket designation: l2-cache  configuration: enabled, not socketed, level 2  operational mode: varies with memory address  location: internal  installed size: 512 kb  maximum size: 512 kb  supported sram types:  other  installed sram type: other  speed: unknown  error correction type: none  system type: unified  associativity: 8-way set-associative handle 0x0007, dmi type 7, 19 bytes  cache information  socket designation: l3-cache  configuration: enabled, not socketed, level 3  operational mode: varies with memory address  location: internal  installed size: 3072 kb  maximum size: 3072 kb  supported sram types:  other  installed sram type: other  speed: unknown  error correction type: none  system type: unified  associativity: other handle 0x0008, dmi type 8, 9 bytes  port connector information  internal reference designator: j1a1  internal connector type: none  external reference designator: ps2mouse  external connector type: ps/2  port type: mouse port handle 0x0009, dmi type 8, 9 bytes  port connector information  internal reference designator: j1a1  internal connector type: none  external reference designator: keyboard  external connector type: ps/2  port type: keyboard port handle 0x000a, dmi type 8, 9 bytes  port connector information  internal reference designator: j2a2b  internal connector type: none  external reference designator: video  external connector type: db-15 female  port type: video port handle 0x000b, dmi type 8, 9 bytes  port connector information  internal reference designator: j3a1  internal connector type: none  external reference designator: usb1  external connector type: access bus (usb)  port type: usb handle 0x000c, dmi type 8, 9 bytes  port connector information  internal reference designator: j3a1  internal connector type: none  external reference designator: usb2  external connector type: access bus (usb)  port type: usb handle 0x000d, dmi type 8, 9 bytes  port connector information  internal reference designator: j3a1  internal connector type: none  external reference designator: usb3  external connector type: access bus (usb)  port type: usb handle 0x000e, dmi type 8, 9 bytes  port connector information  internal reference designator: j5a1  internal connector type: none  external reference designator: lan  external connector type: rj-45  port type: network port handle 0x000f, dmi type 9, 17 bytes  system slot information  designation: j6b2  type: x16 pci express  current usage: in use  length: long  id: 0  characteristics:  3.3 v is provided  opening is shared  pme signal is supported  bus address: 0000:00:01.0 handle 0x0010, dmi type 9, 17 bytes  system slot information  designation: j6b1  type: x1 pci express  current usage: in use  length: short  id: 1  characteristics:  3.3 v is provided  opening is shared  pme signal is supported  bus address: 0000:00:1c.3 handle 0x0012, dmi type 11, 5 bytes  oem strings  string 1: dell system  string 2: 5[0003]  string 3: 13[p18f] handle 0x0013, dmi type 12, 5 bytes  system configuration options  option 1: to be filled by o.e.m. handle 0x001c, dmi type 21, 7 bytes  built-in pointing device  type: touch pad  interface: bus mouse  buttons: 2 handle 0x001d, dmi type 22, 26 bytes  portable battery  location: sys. battery bay  manufacturer: sanyo  serial number: 5390  name: dell 4yrjh22  chemistry: lithium ion  design capacity: 45000 mwh  design voltage: 10800 mv  sbds version: 1.0  maximum error: 2%  sbds manufacture date: 2012-02-28  oem-specific information: 0x00000001 handle 0x001e, dmi type 32, 20 bytes  system boot information  status: no errors detected handle 0x0020, dmi type 27, 12 bytes  cooling device  type: fan  status: ok  oem-specific information: 0x00000000 handle 0x0021, dmi type 28, 20 bytes  temperature probe  description: cpu internal temperature  location: processor  status: ok  maximum value: 127.0 deg c  minimum value: 0.0 deg c  resolution: 1.000 deg c  tolerance: 0.5 deg c  accuracy: unknown  oem-specific information: 0x00000000 handle 0xb000, dmi type 176, 5 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  b0 05 00 b0 00 handle 0xb100, dmi type 177, 12 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  b1 0c 00 b1 1a 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 handle 0x0025, dmi type 209, 12 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  d1 0c 25 00 00 00 00 03 05 01 00 03 handle 0x0026, dmi type 210, 12 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  d2 0c 26 00 00 00 00 03 05 20 01 03 handle 0x0027, dmi type 211, 13 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  d3 0d 27 00 01 00 00 00 00 02 03 04 04  strings:  front handle 0x0028, dmi type 212, 57 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  d4 39 28 00 70 00 71 00 01 49 50 48 9c 00 49 fc  01 9b 00 49 fc 00 7f 01 4a fb 04 80 01 4a fb 00  53 01 4a f7 08 52 01 4a f7 08 7b 01 4a ef 10 7c  01 4a ef 10 ff ff 00 00 00 handle 0x002a, dmi type 217, 8 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  d9 08 2a 00 01 02 00 00  strings: handle 0x002b, dmi type 219, 11 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  db 0b 2b 00 00 01 02 03 00 04 05  strings: handle 0x002c, dmi type 220, 22 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  dc 16 2c 00 01 f0 00 00 02 f0 00 00 00 00 03 f0  04 f0 00 00 00 00 handle 0x002d, dmi type 221, 19 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  dd 13 2d 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 handle 0x002e, dmi type 222, 16 bytes  oem-specific type  header and data:  de 10 2e 00 01 08 ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 handle 0x0014, dmi type 16, 15 bytes  physical memory array  location: system board or motherboard  use: system memory  error correction type: none  maximum capacity: 16 gb  error information handle: not provided  number of devices: 2 handle 0x0016, dmi type 20, 19 bytes  memory device mapped address  starting address: 0x00000000000  ending address: 0x000ffffffff  range size: 4 gb  physical device handle: 0x0015  memory array mapped address handle: 0x0018  partition row position: 1  interleave position: 1  interleaved data depth: 1 handle 0x0017, dmi type 17, 28 bytes  memory device  array handle: 0x0014  error information handle: 0x0000  total width: unknown  data width: unknown  size: no module installed  form factor: dimm  set: none  locator: dimm_b  bank locator: bank 2  type: unknown  type detail: none  speed: unknown  manufacturer: not specified  serial number: not specified  asset tag: not specified  part number: not specified  rank: unknown handle 0x0018, dmi type 19, 15 bytes  memory array mapped address  starting address: 0x00000000000  ending address: 0x000ffffffff  range size: 4 gb  physical array handle: 0x0014  partition width: 2 handle 0x002f, dmi type 13, 22 bytes  bios language information  language description format: abbre